China Stakes Its Claim in Latin American Energy:

Sources 1 Manuel Baigorri,, Latin America Emerges as China’s Favorite Hunting Ground for M&A, Bloomberg-Quint, December 28, 2020 https://www.bloombergquint.com/china/latin-america-emerges-as- china-s-favorite-hunting-ground-for-m-a 2 Sebastian Horn, Carmen M. Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch, How Much Money Does the World Owe China?, Harvard Business Review, February 26, 2020, 5 Sebastian Horn, Carmen Reinhart, and Christopher Trebesch, China’s Overseas Lending, Center for Global Development, May 2020, p. 2 6 Sebastian Horn, Carmen Reinhart, Christopher Trebesch, China’s Overseas Lending , IMF, ARC, November 7, 2019 7 Jude Clemente, “China is the World’s Largest Oil & Gas Importer,” Forbes , October 17, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2019/10/17/china-is-the- worlds-largest-oil--gas-importer/?sh=308e1a4f5441. 8 “China compra el 27.7% de principal empresa eléctrica Chilena fortaleciendo presencia en América Latina” [China acquires 27.7% of Chile’s principal electricity company, strengthening its presence in Latin America], Energia Limpia XXI, March 17, 2018, https://energialimpiaparatodos.com/2018/03/17/china-compra-el-27- 7-de-principal-empresa-electrica-chilena-fortaleciendo-presencia-en- america-latina/. 9 “China’s State Grid Makes a $3 Billion Push into Latin America,” Bloomberg, November 13, 2020 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-13/naturgy-is- said-to-near-sale-of-latam-assets-to-china-state-grid 10 Justin Villamil, “China Power Giant Makes Foray Into Mexican Renewables With Zuma” Bloomberg, November 19, 2020 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-19/china-power-giant- makes-foray-into-mexican-renewables-with-zuma 3 Ibid 4 Ibid

11 “China’s State Grid Makes a $3 Billion Push Into Latin America,” BNN Bloomberg, November 13, 2020 12 Jake Spring, “China’s State Grid to Invest $38 Billion in Brazil Power Sector,” Reuters, May 30, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-power-state-grid- corp/chinas-state-grid-to-invest-38-billion-in-brazil-power-sector- idUSKCN1IV2SR. 13 Bloomberg, November 13, 2020 14 Power Technology, “The world’s longest power transmission lines,” January 29, 2020 15 Bernardo Tabak, “Chinese Electric Vehicle Giant BYD Expands in Brazil,” Diálogo Chino , March 12, 2020, https://dialogochino.net/en/climate-energy/34267-chinese-electric- vehicle-giant-byd-expands-in-brazil/. 16 Anne Deslandes, Mexico’s Lithium Discovery is a double-edged sword, Diálogo Chino , February 14, 2020 https://dialogochino.net/en/extractive-industries/33491-mexicos- lithium-discovery-is-a-double-edged-sword/ 17 Ann Deslandes , “Ganfeng announces lithium battery recycling plant in Mexico” Diálogo Chino, December 2, 2020 https://dialogochino.net/en/climate-energy/38594-ganfeng- announces-lithium-battery-recycling-plant-in-mexico/ 18 Tom Azzopardi, “Chile Court Clears Chinese Investment in Lithium Producer,” Mining Journal , October 6, 2018, https://www.mining-journal.com/m-amp-a/news/1348150/chile-court- clears-chinese-investment-in-lithium-producer. 19 “Argentina Looking for More Chinese Investment in Mining,” BNamericas, October 7, 2019, https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/argentina-looking-for-more- chinese-investment-in-mining. 20 Cassandra Garrison, “On South America's largest solar farm, Chinese power radiates” Reuters, April 23, 2019

INSTITUTE OF THE AMERICAS 35